U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Thyrotoxicosis

MedGen UID:
11814
Concept ID:
C0040156
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Thyrotoxicoses
SNOMED CT: Thyrotoxicosis (90739004); Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter (286909009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010138
OMIM®: 275000

Definition

A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by the elevation of thyroid hormone levels in the serum. Signs and symptoms include tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, weight loss, warm weather intolerance, and moist skin. Causes include Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter, toxic thyroid nodule, and lymphocytic thyroiditis. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Wiersinga WM, Poppe KG, Effraimidis G
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023 Apr;11(4):282-298. Epub 2023 Feb 24 doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00005-0. PMID: 36848916
Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, Grobman WA, Laurberg P, Lazarus JH, Mandel SJ, Peeters RP, Sullivan S
Thyroid 2017 Mar;27(3):315-389. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0457. PMID: 28056690
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA
Thyroid 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229. PMID: 27521067

Curated

UK NICE Guideline NG145, Thyroid disease: assessment and management, 2023

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lee SY, Pearce EN
JAMA 2023 Oct 17;330(15):1472-1483. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.19052. PMID: 37847271Free PMC Article
McDermott MT
Ann Intern Med 2020 Apr 7;172(7):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC202004070. PMID: 32252086
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA
Thyroid 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229. PMID: 27521067
De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE
Lancet 2016 Aug 27;388(10047):906-918. Epub 2016 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00278-6. PMID: 27038492Free PMC Article
Bahn Chair RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Garber JR, Greenlee MC, Klein I, Laurberg P, McDougall IR, Montori VM, Rivkees SA, Ross DS, Sosa JA, Stan MN; American Thyroid Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Thyroid 2011 Jun;21(6):593-646. Epub 2011 Apr 21 doi: 10.1089/thy.2010.0417. PMID: 21510801

Diagnosis

Inman BL, Long B
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023 Nov;41(4):759-774. Epub 2023 Jul 28 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.06.005. PMID: 37758422
McDermott MT
Ann Intern Med 2020 Apr 7;172(7):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC202004070. PMID: 32252086
Sharma A, Stan MN
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Jun;94(6):1048-1064. Epub 2019 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.011. PMID: 30922695
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA
Thyroid 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229. PMID: 27521067
Bahn Chair RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Garber JR, Greenlee MC, Klein I, Laurberg P, McDougall IR, Montori VM, Rivkees SA, Ross DS, Sosa JA, Stan MN; American Thyroid Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Thyroid 2011 Jun;21(6):593-646. Epub 2011 Apr 21 doi: 10.1089/thy.2010.0417. PMID: 21510801

Therapy

Zucchi R
Thyroid 2020 Aug;30(8):1099-1105. Epub 2020 Apr 7 doi: 10.1089/thy.2020.0071. PMID: 32098589Free PMC Article
Sharma A, Stan MN
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Jun;94(6):1048-1064. Epub 2019 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.011. PMID: 30922695
Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, Tsuboi K, Kanamoto N, Otani H, Furukawa Y, Teramukai S, Akamizu T
Endocr J 2016 Dec 30;63(12):1025-1064. Epub 2016 Oct 15 doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ16-0336. PMID: 27746415
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA
Thyroid 2016 Oct;26(10):1343-1421. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0229. PMID: 27521067
Bahn Chair RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Garber JR, Greenlee MC, Klein I, Laurberg P, McDougall IR, Montori VM, Rivkees SA, Ross DS, Sosa JA, Stan MN; American Thyroid Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Thyroid 2011 Jun;21(6):593-646. Epub 2011 Apr 21 doi: 10.1089/thy.2010.0417. PMID: 21510801

Prognosis

Muir CA, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Lo SN, Carlino MS, Tsang VHM, Menzies AM
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Aug 18;106(9):e3704-e3713. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab263. PMID: 33878162
Groeneweg S, van Geest FS, Abacı A, Alcantud A, Ambegaonkar GP, Armour CM, Bakhtiani P, Barca D, Bertini ES, van Beynum IM, Brunetti-Pierri N, Bugiani M, Cappa M, Cappuccio G, Castellotti B, Castiglioni C, Chatterjee K, de Coo IFM, Coutant R, Craiu D, Crock P, DeGoede C, Demir K, Dica A, Dimitri P, Dolcetta-Capuzzo A, Dremmen MHG, Dubey R, Enderli A, Fairchild J, Gallichan J, George B, Gevers EF, Hackenberg A, Halász Z, Heinrich B, Huynh T, Kłosowska A, van der Knaap MS, van der Knoop MM, Konrad D, Koolen DA, Krude H, Lawson-Yuen A, Lebl J, Linder-Lucht M, Lorea CF, Lourenço CM, Lunsing RJ, Lyons G, Malikova J, Mancilla EE, McGowan A, Mericq V, Lora FM, Moran C, Müller KE, Oliver-Petit I, Paone L, Paul PG, Polak M, Porta F, Poswar FO, Reinauer C, Rozenkova K, Menevse TS, Simm P, Simon A, Singh Y, Spada M, van der Spek J, Stals MAM, Stoupa A, Subramanian GM, Tonduti D, Turan S, den Uil CA, Vanderniet J, van der Walt A, Wémeau JL, Wierzba J, de Wit MY, Wolf NI, Wurm M, Zibordi F, Zung A, Zwaveling-Soonawala N, Visser WE
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 Jul;8(7):594-605. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30153-4. PMID: 32559475Free PMC Article
Bourcier S, Coutrot M, Kimmoun A, Sonneville R, de Montmollin E, Persichini R, Schnell D, Charpentier J, Aubron C, Morawiec E, Bigé N, Nseir S, Terzi N, Razazi K, Azoulay E, Ferré A, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y, Ellrodt O, Hraiech S, Delmas C, Barbier F, Lautrette A, Aissaoui N, Repessé X, Pichereau C, Zerbib Y, Lascarrou JB, Carreira S, Reuter D, Frérou A, Peigne V, Fillatre P, Megarbane B, Voiriot G, Combes A, Schmidt M
Crit Care Med 2020 Jan;48(1):83-90. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004078. PMID: 31714398
Devereaux D, Tewelde SZ
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2014 May;32(2):277-92. Epub 2014 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2013.12.001. PMID: 24766932
Akamizu T, Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, Wakino S, Iburi T, Tsuboi K, Monden T, Kouki T, Otani H, Teramukai S, Uehara R, Nakamura Y, Nagai M, Mori M; Japan Thyroid Association
Thyroid 2012 Jul;22(7):661-79. Epub 2012 Jun 12 doi: 10.1089/thy.2011.0334. PMID: 22690898Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Lee SY, Pearce EN
JAMA 2023 Oct 17;330(15):1472-1483. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.19052. PMID: 37847271Free PMC Article
Dwivedi SN, Kalaria T, Buch H
J Clin Pathol 2023 Jan;76(1):19-28. Epub 2022 Oct 21 doi: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208290. PMID: 36270794
Iwama S, Kobayashi T, Yasuda Y, Arima H
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 May;36(3):101660. Epub 2022 Apr 12 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101660. PMID: 35501263
Lee SY, Pearce EN
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 8;106(3):883-892. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa945. PMID: 33349844Free PMC Article
Chiha M, Samarasinghe S, Kabaker AS
J Intensive Care Med 2015 Mar;30(3):131-40. Epub 2013 Aug 5 doi: 10.1177/0885066613498053. PMID: 23920160

Recent systematic reviews

Mohammadi K, Shafie D, Vakhshoori M, Bondariyan N, Rezvanian H, Heidarpour M
Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023 May;33(4):252-262. Epub 2022 Jan 11 doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2022.01.001. PMID: 35026394
Mohamed AA, Basaran T, Othman MH, Andersen NH, Bonnema SJ
Endocrine 2022 Dec;78(3):418-428. Epub 2022 Aug 26 doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03174-w. PMID: 36018537
de Mul N, Damstra J, Nieveen van Dijkum EJM, Fischli S, Kalkman CJ, Schellekens WM, Immink RV
Br J Anaesth 2021 Dec;127(6):879-889. Epub 2021 Aug 11 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.06.043. PMID: 34389171
Fu H, Cheng L, Jin Y, Chen L
Endocr Relat Cancer 2019 Jul;26(7):R395-R413. doi: 10.1530/ERC-19-0129. PMID: 31026810
Ernst E
Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003 Sep;42(9):1101-6. Epub 2003 May 30 doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg306. PMID: 12777645

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • NICE, 2023
      UK NICE Guideline NG145, Thyroid disease: assessment and management, 2023

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...